Official Title: “A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Combination Therapy of Acetaminophen Plus Ibuprofen Versus Tylenol #3 for the Treatment of Pain After Outpatient Surgery”

Increasingly in general surgery, the investigators are conducting outpatient day surgery.

Ambulatory surgery currently comprises 60 to 70% of surgeries performed in North America.

These patients all require some form of analgesia which can be taken at home in the first few days after the surgery. The current standard at the investigators' centre and many others in the maritime provinces is to provide a prescription for oral acetaminophen plus codeine or oxycodone (Tylenol #3®, Percocet ®). Some patients may receive more potent opioids such as oral hydromorphone (Dilaudid®). Unfortunately, the most commonly prescribed medication (Tylenol #3®) is often poorly tolerated by patients, has several undesirable side effects, and may not provide effective pain relief. In the investigators' experience, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are uncommonly a routine addition to the home analgesic regimen.

Tylenol #3®, in the investigators' experience and opinion, is a poor post surgical pain medication. They hope to show that a combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen is better for pain relief after these procedures. The combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen would be a safe, cheap, and readily available regimen. Unfortunately, as the prescribing practices of surgeons are old habits, it will require a very convincing argument to get them to change their practices. A randomized controlled trial comparing these two regimens, the investigators hope, would be a powerful enough argument.

The hypothesis of this study, therefore, is that the pain control provided by a combination of acetaminophen plus ibuprofen (650 mg/400 mg four times per day) will be superior to Tylenol #3® (600 mg acetaminophen/60 mg codeine/15 mg caffeine four times per day).

This study will attempt to enroll 150 patients in total. Eligible patients will be identified by their attending surgeon and contacted by study personnel. Patients who enroll in the study will undergo their surgery in the usual manner. After the surgery, in the recovery room, once they are ready to go home, they will be randomized to receive combination A or B and be given a week's worth of pain medication. They will then go home and take this medication as directed. They will record their pain intensity and pain relief once per day using a diary provided in the study package. One week after their surgery, they will return to the hospital clinic and be seen by the study nurse. They will hand over the diary and any unused medication. They will also be asked several questions regarding their overall satisfaction, incidence of side effects, and how long until they were pain free.

The risks of participating in this study are minimal from the risks inherent to the procedures and medications the patients would receive within the standard of care. Ibuprofen is a commonly used NSAID which is widely available over the counter and has an established safety profile. The most common adverse effects of ibuprofen and other NSAIDs are gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration. Other less common adverse effects include nephrotoxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, hepatic dysfunction (longterm use), and cognitive dysfunction. The investigators' patients will be selected to exclude those most at risk for these complications (see exclusion criteria). Acetaminophen has few side effects, with no adverse effects on platelet function and no evidence of gastric irritation.

Study Type: Interventional

Study Design: Treatment, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Control, Parallel Assignment, Efficacy Study

Intervention(s) in this Clinical Trial

• Drug: Tylenol #3
• Drug: Combination Tylenol and Ibuprofen

Primary Measures

• Mean daily and final visual analog scale (VAS) scores
• Mean daily and final Likert scores
• Total pain relief
• Sum of pain intensity differences
• Cumulative weekly VAS scores

Secondary Measures

• Treatment failures
• Amount of medication used
• Days to stopping medication
• Incidence of side effects
• Compliance with regimen

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients may take part in this study if the answer is YES to all of these questions:

• Female or male between 17-65 years of age
• Going to have one of the following surgeries:
• umbilical hernia repair
• inguinal hernia repair
• small incisional or abdominal wall hernia repair
• laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removed)
• Going home after their surgery the same day
• Have signed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients have had or have:

• Been diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease or bleeding stomach ulcer in the recent past and are not currently on a proton pump inhibitor (special antacid medication, eg.
• Losec®, Pantoloc®, Prevacid®, Nexium®).
• Suffered from asthma
• Allergies to codeine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Advil®, Ibuprofen), aspirin, or acetaminophen
• Been taking other prescription pain medications prior to their surgery
• A history of chronic pain disorder
• Fibromyalgia (a chronic pain illness with symptoms of muscle aches, pain, stiffness, general fatigue and sleep problems)
• Active kidney disease or failure
• Known liver disease
• Are females who are pregnant or nursing
• A problem with alcohol or drug abuse.

Gender Eligibility for this Clinical Trial: Both

Minimum Age for this Clinical Trial: 17 Years

Maximum Age for this Clinical Trial: 65 Years

Are Healthy Volunteers Accepted for this Clinical Trial?: No

Lead Sponsor: Capital District Health Authority, Canada

Overall Clinical Trial Officials and Contacts

Geoffrey A Porter, MD, FRCSC Study Director CDHA/Dalhousie University  

Information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov on August 08, 2008

Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record. http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00245375

Study ID Number: CDHA003

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00245375

Health Authority: Canada: Health Canada